Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs)

Daprodustat is a member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid substituted by cyclohexyl groups at positions 1 and 3, and by a (carboxymethyl)aminocarbonyl group at position 5. It is an inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase developed by GlaxoSmithKline for the treatment of anaemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. It has a role as an anti-anaemic agent, an EC 1.14.11.29 (hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor and an antiviral agent. It is a member of barbiturates, a secondary carboxamide, a N-acylglycine and an oxo monocarboxylic acid. - Show More

Irinotecan is a topoisomerase inhibitor used for chemotherapy. It is a water-soluble analogue of [camptothecin], which is extracted from the Chinese tree Camptotheca acuminate. The bis-piperidine side chain in the structure of irinotecan bestows enhanced water solubility. As an anticancer drug, irinotecan was first commercially available in Japan in 1994 to treat various cancers such as lung, cervical and ovarian cancer. Approved by the FDA in 1996, irinotecan is used to treat colorectal cancer and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Irinotecan liposome was approved by the FDA in February 2024. The active metabolite SN-38 is also a potent inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I. Both irinotecan and SN-38 mediate antitumor activity by forming a complex with topoisomerase I and blocking its enzymatic activity, thereby interfering with DNA synthesis. This leads to the arrest of the cell cycle in the S-G2 phase and cancer cell death. - Show More

Abaloparatide is an N-terminal analog of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and an agonist at the parathyroid hormone type 1 (PTH1) receptor. It is a synthetic 34 amino acid peptide with 41% homology to human parathyroid hormone 1-34 and human PTHrP 1-34. Abaloparatide and PTHrP share the first 21 amino acids and the receptor-activating domain. Abaloparatide is an osteoanabolic agent that stimulates bone formation. It was first approved by the FDA on April 28, 2017, for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and is also used to increase bone density in men with osteoporosis. In October 2022, the EMA's Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) recommended abaloparatide be granted marketing authorization in Europe and the drug was fully authorized by the European Commission on December 19, 2022. - Show More

Lanreotide Acetate is the acetate salt of a synthetic cyclic octapeptide analogue of somatostatin. Lanreotide binds to somatostatin receptors (SSTR), specifically SSTR-2 and also to SSTR-5 with a lesser affinity. However, compare with octreotide, this agent is less potent in inhibiting the release of growth hormone from the pituitary gland. Furthermore, lanreotide has an acute effect on decreasing circulating total and free insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I). This agent is usually given as a prolonged-release microparticle or Autogel formulation for the treatment of acromegaly and to relieve the symptoms of neuroendocrine tumors. - Show More

Acetaminophen (paracetamol), also commonly known as Tylenol, is the most commonly taken analgesic worldwide and is recommended as first-line therapy in pain conditions by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is also used for its antipyretic effects, helping to reduce fever. This drug was initially approved by the U.S. FDA in 1951 and is available in a variety of forms including syrup form, regular tablets, effervescent tablets, injection, suppository, and other forms. Acetaminophen is often found combined with other drugs in more than 600 over the counter (OTC) allergy medications, cold medications, sleep medications, pain relievers, and other products. Confusion about dosing of this drug may be caused by the availability of different formulas, strengths, and dosage instructions for children of different ages. Due to the possibility of fatal overdose and liver failure associated with the incorrect use of acetaminophen, it is important to follow current and available national and manufacturer dosing guidelines while this drug is taken or prescribed. - Show More

Xanomeline is a Cholinergic Muscarinic Agonist. The mechanism of action of xanomeline is as a Cholinergic Muscarinic Agonist, and Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitor, and P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor.

Setmelanotide acetate, sold under the brand name Imcivree, is a medication used to treat obesity in individuals with certain genetic conditions, including Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) and deficiencies in POMC, PCSK1, or LEPR. It works by acting on the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) in the brain, helping to reduce appetite and promote weight loss. - Show More

Elagolix sodium, marketed as Orilissa, is a prescription medication used to manage moderate to severe pain associated with endometriosis. It's a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist, meaning it works by blocking the effects of GnRH, which in turn reduces the production of estrogen and other hormones that contribute to endometriosis pain. - Show More

Tubocurarine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare. It has a role as a nicotinic antagonist, a muscle relaxant and a drug allergen. It derives from a hydride of a tubocuraran. - Show More

Bupivacaine hydrochloride is a racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine hydrochloride and levobupivacaine hydrochloride. Bupivacaine Hydrochloride is a long-acting, amide-type local anesthetic. Bupivicaine reversibly binds to specific sodium ion channels in the neuronal membrane, resulting in a decrease in the voltage-dependent membrane permeability to sodium ions and membrane stabilization; inhibition of depolarization and nerve impulse conduction; and a reversible loss of sensation. - Show More